Wetlands in South Africa: Why They Matter?

We are often told to save our wetlands, but we don’t really know why they are important. These are some key points to consider, along with the reasons why they are worth saving. 

Supports living ecosystems

Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, comparable to rainforests and coral reefs. A wide variety of microbes, insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish and mammals are part of a wetland ecosystem. As plants break down, they provide food for smaller insects, fish and shellfish, which in turn serve as food for larger animals, including fish, reptiles, amphibians and birds. A healthy ecosystem makes for a healthier world for humans. 

Reduces flooding and erosion

Wetlands function as natural sponges that trap and slowly release surface water, rain, groundwater and floodwaters. The number of plants builds a strong root system that slows flood waters and distributes the water more evenly, reducing erosion. Wetlands within and downstream of urban areas are particularly valuable, as they counteract the rate and volume of surface-water runoff from pavement and buildings. 

Increases plant biodiversity 

A wetland has a different diversity of plants than a garden, for example. Plants that can withstand being in water, such as reeds, grasses and water lilies, require a habitat that allows them to thrive, which can be challenging to achieve in a garden setting. We rely on natural wetlands in reserves to maintain the biodiversity of plants. The bigger the wetland, the more diverse the plant species, and the diversity of plant species contributes to the overall stability and resilience of wetland ecosystems. Wetlands store carbon within their plant communities and soil, rather than releasing it to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Wetlands also help moderate global climate conditions. In a nutshell, a wetland is important because it naturally purifies water by filtering pollutants, protects against floods by absorbing and storing large amounts of water, supports rich biodiversity by providing food and shelter, replenishes groundwater, and helps mitigate climate change by storing carbon. 

Wetlands are part of South Africa’s wider water story, from the water we use at home to the way healthy rivers and ecosystems support our communities downstream. If you’d like a few practical, everyday ways to save water, you may also find these guides helpful: 

Get practical tips in saving water around the pool and garden

Top water-saving hacks to reduce your water bill